Aluka - Entry for Monadenium Pax [family EUPHORBIACEAE] 
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      Entry for Monadenium Pax [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
      HOME /EUPHORBIACEAE /Monadenium 



        
                  RepositoryRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
                  CollectionFlora Zambesiaca
                  Entry fromFZ, Vol 9 Part 5 Author: S. Carter & L.C. Leach
                  NamesMonadenium Pax [family EUPHORBIACEAE], in Bot. Jahrb. 
                    Syst. 19: 126 (1894). —N.E. Brown in F.T.A. 6, 1: 450 
                    (1911). —Bally, Genus Monadenium: 14 (1961). —S. Carter in 
                    F.T.E.A., Euphorbiaceae, part 2: 540–564 (1988). —Webster in 
                    Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.: 81 (1994). —Radcliffe-Smith, Gen. 
                    Euphorbiacearum: 417 (2001).
                    Lortia Rendle [family EUPHORBIACEAE], in J. Bot. 36: 29 
                    (1898).
                    Stenadenium Pax [family EUPHORBIACEAE], in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 
                    30: 343 (1901). —N.E. Brown in F.T.A. 6, 1: 448 (1911). 
                    —Brenan, Check-list For. Trees Shrubs Tang. Terr.: 227 
                    (1949).

                  InformationSmall trees, shrubs or perennial herbs, often 
                  geophytic (with aerial parts dying back after the growing 
                  season) in the Flora Zambesiaca area, with fleshy or succulent 
                  stems and branches and with caustic milky latex, monoecious; 
                  roots thick and fleshy, often tuberous.Leaves sometimes 
                  fleshy, glabrous or hairy, with stipules apparently absent, or 
                  occasionally modified as glands or spines.Cymes axillary, with 
                  sessile cyathia branching dichotomously, or cyathia rarely 
                  solitary; bracts persistent, paired, free, or partly united 
                  along the ventral margin to form an incomplete bract-cup and 
                  enveloping the involucre.Cyathia with numerous male flowers in 
                  5 groups surrounding a solitary female flower and all enclosed 
                  within a cup-like involucre.Involucres with glands fused to 
                  form an entire rim deeply notched on the dorsal side, and 
                  surrounding the 5 fringed lobes.Male flowers in 5 groups, 
                  bracteolate, scarcely exserted.Female flower pedicellate; 
                  perianth reduced to a rim below the ovary, rarely shortly 
                  3-lobed; styles 3, joined at the base, stigmas bifid.Capsule 
                  exserted through the notch in the glandular rim, 
                  dehiscent.Seeds with or without a caruncle.
                  RangeA well-defined genus with currently over 70 species 
                  recognised, of which 20 occur in the Flora Zambesiaca 
                  area.Distribution is generally sparse, but extends throughout 
                  the eastern tropical regions of Africa, from northern Somalia 
                  southwards to the Northern Province of South Africa and 
                  westwards into Angola.
                  Altitude range
                  NotesThe genus is distinguished primarily by the entire, 
                  horseshoe-shaped involucral gland, which has a wide rim 
                  extended to protect the ovary exserted through the notch.The 
                  persistent bracts, which envelope the involucre, are usually 
                  united behind the glandular rim and are sometimes large and 
                  showy.The seeds are usually oblong, with a relatively large 
                  mushroom-shaped caruncle capping the apex, or sometimes ovoid 
                  in some geophytic species and either with or without a rounded 
                  caruncle.In the Flora Zambesiaca area, the habit ranges from 
                  small geophytes to herbs or shrubs with stems ± fleshy, or 
                  occasionally strongly succulent.
                  Tags

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              Collection: Flora Zambesiaca
              Family: EUPHORBIACEAE
              Genus: Monadenium
              Herbarium: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
              Resource type: Reference Sources
              Time period: 2000-2004
              Year: 2001
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